MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CYCLE XII SELECTION OF CUZQUEADO CORN IN THE MANTARO VALLEY

Abstract

In order to obtain a population of Cuzco maize adapted to the conditions of the Mantaro Valley, it was used a mixture of collections of Cuzco maize race to form a compound with defined characteristics, having made the Genetic Improvement for twelve cycles of selection within populations ( stratified mass selection) 4 from 1996 to 2008 in Hualhuas district, province of Huancayo, Junín Department of 3.320 meters osl. Recurrent selection cycles per year with defined criteria has yielded a phenotypically homogeneous population of corn but sufficiently heterozygous for loci controlling determinants of performance characteristics. To maintain sufficient genetic variability composite ensured efficient recombination with a large population, overcoming the problems of the species as inbreeding. The twelfth round of selection to define the morphology of plant with eight traits: days to flowering male with an average of 105 days to flowering female with an average of 108, ear height with an average of 145,795 cm., Height plant with an average of 243,125 cm., number of leaves with an average of 13.35, ear length without despancar (corn) with an average of 33,275, number of rows per ear with an average of 9.1, number of kernels per row with a average of 28,625. Ecotypes forming a compound can be defined as locally adapted populations belonging to species with wide geographic range. Plant populations are inherited characteristics like, produced by adaptation to a particular habitat. Heritable traits can be morphological and physiological. The physiological and earliness, hardiness, hardiness, etc.. are of great importance in determining the differences between the ecotypes, due to the large value to survival. The seeds obtained in the nucleus of selection is used to raise certified seed, which is given annually to farmers with optimal results.