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Eficacia de franjas florales de lavanda, yuyo y girasol para insectos polinizadores en márgenes de cultivo de maíz
Palabras clave:
Agroecosistema, Biodiversidad, Flora de malezas, Recursos florales, Servicio ecosistémicoResumen
Los polinizadores experimentan una reducción poblacional en todo el mundo, debido a la agricultura intensiva que causa pérdida de biodiversidad de los agroecosistemas que degrada el hábitat y los recursos florales. Una estrategia para mitigar ese impacto negativo es instalar franjas florales en márgenes de los cultivos para restaurar el hábitat de polinizadores. Objetivo: Identificar insectos polinizadores visitantes en franjas de lavanda yuyo y girasol y determinar la que brinda mayor protección y conservación de polinizadores. Métodos: La investigación fue experimental cuantitativa. Los tratamientos fueron: flores de franjas de lavanda, yuyo y girasol ubicadas en márgenes del cultivo de maíz, cada una con cinco repeticiones. La variable independiente fue flores de las especies en estudio y la variable dependiente las especies polinizadoras. Para la comparación de resultados se realizó el análisis de varianzas y la prueba de Tukey. Resultados: Se registró 15 especies de polinizadores de los órdenes Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera y Lepidoptera; 13 especies en flores de yuyo, 10 en lavanda y 8 especies en girasol. La mayoría de especies alcanzó su máximo nivel poblacional entre la primera y segunda semana de mayo. Conclusiones: Se presenta por primera vez un inventario de insectos polinizadores para la zona central del Perú. La instalación de franjas de lavanda, yuyo y girasol representó una práctica eficaz que mantuvo la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos en cultivo de maíz. La franja de la maleza yuyo brinda mayor protección y conservación para polinizadores.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Susan Olivia Mayta Delzo, Amador Antonio Valverde Cadillo, Andrés Alberto Azabache Leyton, Victor Paredes Atoche
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
