University Prospective in Agrarian Sciences
The University Prospective in Agrarian Sciences Journal (PUCAG) is a scientific publication refereed by blind peers, produced by the Instituto de Investigación and sponsored by the Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú. PUCAG Journal is open access specialized in the OECD area of ​​ Agricultural Sciences: Agronomy, Animal Science, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Tropical Agronomy, Tropical Animal Science, Tropical Forest Engineering. PUCAG Journal publishes unpublished manuscripts in the Spanish and English languages ​​under continuous mode in two issues per year. PUCAG Journal does not charge any charge for publishing or downloading full-text articles and publishes the following types of documents: Editorial, original article, review article, letter to the editor and short communications.
Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú
Effect of biochar on soil characteristics and production of Zea corn crop
The research proposes to efficiently use these wastes by transforming them into biochar that gradually releases nutrients for plant nutrition and facilitating the movement of water and air thanks to its micropores, turning it into a potential amendment to improve soil fertility. The objective was to evaluate the effect of biochar produced in semi-industrial ovens on soil characteristics and Zea mays crop production. It is an applied, experimental research, with a population and sample of 36 corn plants, 4 plants per experimental unit. The soil sample, consisting of 1 kg, with a total population of 8 kg per experimental unit. The biochar doses were 0, 15 and 30 g/plant, evaluated with a completely randomized block design. The results showed that the biochar produced in semi-industrial ovens with cocoa branches has a high concentration of nutritional elements and a very alkaline reaction (pH=9.63). The concentration of potassium, calcium and magnesium in the soil is high, improving the cation exchange capacity. The application of biochar reduces the concentration of salts, and with a dose of 15 t.ha-1, it significantly increases the pH by 0.6 units in the soil, favoring the growth of corn plants.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fortunata Judith Llallico Manzanedo, Carlos Faustino Marcelo Oyague, Lidia Berrocal Argumedo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of biol made with fish farming wastewater on the production of cocoa seedlings under nursery conditions
To determine the characteristics of biol made with wastewater from fish production. Determine the appropriate dilution of biol made with fish farming wastewater in the production of cocoa seedlings. To determine the effect of dilutions of biol made from fish farming wastewater on the chemical characteristics of the soil. Biol was prepared in biodigesters, which was analyzed to determine its characteristics, cocoa seedlings were transplanted into bags and biol (100%, 75%, 50% and 0%) were applied to the substrate. The plants were distributed in a completely randomized design, the data evaluated were performed the analysis of variance and the Tukey mean test, according to the results it can be affirmed that the biol made with fish farming wastewater contains nutrients that favor the growth of the plants. Using biol at a concentration of 75% biol and 25% water promotes the growth of cocoa roots and leaves under nursery conditions. Applying biol to the substrate increases the availability of potassium and magnesium, on the other hand, it increases salinity and lowers pH.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Faustino Marcelo Oyague, Gloria Teresa Mamani Santana, Nydia Deisy Rodríguez Muñoz, Gimena Areche Rojas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Solar drying time in healing cuts of fresh Zingiber officinale in Rio Negro-Satipo
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el tiempo óptimo de secado directo al sol en la cicatrización de cortes de Zingiber officinale fresco en Río Negro-Satipo, y de esta manera garantizar el expendio del producto en los supermercados del Perú y del extranjero. El perfilado o cortado de rizomas del jengibre es un punto crítico que garantiza su inocuidad, es necesario cicatrizar el corte para evitar el ingreso de agentes patógenos que puedan dañar los rizomas. Uno de los métodos económicos es el secado directo al sol, el tiempo de secado debe ser adecuado, para obtener la formación de costras blanquecinas ligeramente amarilla en los cortes y evitar el ingreso de hongos. El proyecto se justifica social, económico y ambientalmente, porque un buen control natural de las características físicas del jengibre es sinónimo de calidad y rentabilidad para el empresario y agricultor peruano que se dedica a este rubro de negocios. El estudio fue experimental, se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con 4 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones. Los resultados obtenidos de cada tratamiento fueron: a los 48 minutos de secado al sol directo muestra 9,83 unidades de cicatrización de los cortes del rizoma del jengibre; en 32 minutos 9,00 unidades; en 64 minutos 7,83 unidades y en 16 minutos muestra 4,23 unidades de cicatrización.
Copyright (c) 2025 Norma Nelida Beltrán Chavez, Ellyn Esther Paitan Carhuapoma, Eleany Mariño Huaytia, Roy Gilmer Quispe Rojas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Preparation of biol with an adequate concentration of NPK,4using various sources of organic matter in discontinuous biodigesters
The research was carried out with the objective of determining the adequate concentration of NPK in the biol, using different sources of organic matter in discontinuous biodigesters, for this purpose, different amounts of organic matter from cattle and rabbits, plant remains such as beans, watercress, alfalfa and other elements were used, These were processed in hermetically sealed biodigesters for their anaerobic decomposition and to obtain liquid fertilizer (biol). The different concentrations of macronutrients were evaluated for their use in vegetable production as a foliar liquid biostimulant. A completely randomized design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement was used. The variables measured were decomposition time and macronutrient concentration in the sample. It was observed that the biols produced did not show uniformity in terms of pH, conductivity and macronutrient content depending on the raw material used. The results show that the biol samples produced have adequate amounts of macronutrients that will help many crops in their growth and development.
Copyright (c) 2024 Gustavo Santiago Osorio Pagan, Boris Rosales Tabraj, Gilberto Gamarra Sanchez, Julio Cesar Llallico Colca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study of rehydration and germination of barley
The effect of rehydration time and germination time on the proportion (%) of germinated grains was analyzed to explain the behavior of moisture evolution in barley subjected to maceration. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement of 32. To verify the moisture evolution, the grains were subjected to maceration using a ratio of 1 barley/3 water, for a total time of 28 h with controls every 2 h followed by oxygenation for 30 min. ANOVA showed that the rehydration time factor (A) did not generate significant differences (P > .05), the germination time factor (B) generated significant effects on the proportion of germinated grains (P < .05), the best being 96 h with 96% germinated grains. The treatment of 5 h rehydration and 96 h germination provided the best result for the response variable (98% germinated grains) as an interaction between factors A*B. The empirical data of moisture evolution were explained by the logarithmic, potential and Peleg models in 97.01%; 97.05% and 96.10% of variability. The trend curves were characterized by a rapid increase in moisture in the first hours of maceration followed by a considerable slowdown in the final hours.
3. Ingeniería en Industrias Alimentarias
Copyright (c) 2024 Juan Federico Ramos Gómez, David Indigoyen Ramírez, Angel Peña Rivera, Emilio Fredy Yabar Villanueva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sensory and physicochemical characteristics of cookies enriched with different percentages of orange peel flour
The fiber and carotenoid content of orange peel increases the nutritional value of products elaborated in the bakery and biscuit industry, which has orange peel flour as part of the inputs. Objective: To evaluate the sensory and physicochemical characteristics of cookies with different percentages of orange peel flour (HCN); Method: Ripe orange peels were used, which were conditioned with washing and disinfection, heat treatment, airing, drying, milling and packaging to obtain flour; then the proximal chemical analysis (proteins, fats, moisture, ash, fiber, carbohydrates) was performed. Three HCN formulations (5%, 7.5% and 10%) were used for the production of cookies. The cookie production process included the stages of reception, creaming, kneading, resting, spreading, molding, baking, cooling, packaging and storage. The cookies were sensory evaluated (color, odor, flavor, crunchiness) by 15 untrained panelists; Results: Physicochemical analysis of orange peel-enriched cookies report 7.7% moisture, 14.49% fat, 2.28% ash, 13.3% protein, 6.06% fiber, 56.27% carbohydrate; Conclusions: It is concluded, that treatment 2 (7.5% HCN) has better acceptability and the attributes of flavor and crunchiness present significant statistical difference according to the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Copyright (c) 2024 Leocadia Flor Pérez Romero, Kenyi Paul Hinostroza Mendoza, Gloria Teresa Mamani Santana, Darwin Hans Chamorro Portal, Bexaida Edy Choque Huaytalla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antibacterial activity and characterization of extracts from pot-grown Kalanchoe leaves (daigremontiana and tubiflora)
Currently, researchers in the health area face a great challenge in the control of various diseases that affect humans, generating great interest in studying the diversity of medicinal plants beneficial to health, such as Kalanchoe (daigremontiana and tubiflora). The objective of the study was to evaluate the characterization and antibacterial activity of extracts from Kalanchoe leaves (daigremontiana and tubiflora) grown in pots. They were evaluated by direct observation and assessment according to descriptors for leafy succulent plants (IBPGR-IPGRI-BIOVERSITY). Antimicrobial testing of ethanolic extracts of Kalanchoe daigremontiana and Kalanchoe tubiflora grown in pots showed great potential for inhibitory activity against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Significant differences were found compared to the aqueous extracts (α = 0.05). Ethanolic extracts of both Kalanchoe varieties could be a natural means to treat ailments related to these bacteria. Both Kalanchoe species possess phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties, making them a promising source of beneficial effects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elizabeth Nelly Paitan Anticona, Doris Marmolejo Gutarra, Libia Gutiérrez Gonzales, Alejandrina Sotelo Mendez, Javier Cordova Ramos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of chitosan on the growth and development of gladiolus (Gladiolus sp.) in Mantaro, Jauja
Chitosan is known for improving crop quality and yield, as well as acting as a bactericide and fungicide. To validate these effects, this research was conducted. Objective: To determine the optimal chitosan dosage and immersion time for enhancing the growth and development of gladiolus (Gladiolus sp.) corms. Method: The study was conducted in a greenhouse, using pots to evaluate each corm following the morphological evaluation method. Two immersion times (30 and 60 minutes) and five chitosan doses (10 ml, 15 ml, 20 ml, 25 ml, and 30 ml) at 1% per liter of water were tested. Ten treatments, plus a control, were applied, distributed in three blocks under a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with factorial analysis. Results: The treatment with 10 ml of chitosan at 1% and 30 minutes of immersion showed the best results in terms of the number of leaves, plant height, number of flowers, days to flower opening, and stem length. The second best treatment was 15 ml of chitosan at 1% with 30 minutes of immersion. Conclusion: The research concludes that the treatment with 10 ml of chitosan at 1% for 30 minutes of immersion optimizes the growth and development of gladiolus, improving the main morphological variables studied.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Efraín Bernabé Lindo Gutarra, M.Sc. Anghely Rosario Lapa Chanca, Mg. Paul Simons Urdanegui Gago, Dr. Ruben Víctor Munive Cerrón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mercado de consumo de la papa seca en el ámbito local de Satipo, Junín
El consumo de papa seca en la zona de Satipo ha tomado protagonismo en los últimos años, debido a que es común encontrarla en la dieta de la población local, sin embargo, existe poca información estadística sobre la oferta y la demanda, así como el desfase o déficit, lo que nos ha llevado a preguntarnos: ¿Cuál es el mercado de consumo de papa seca en la localidad de Satipo? La hipótesis: el mercado consumidor de papa seca en Satipo es alto. El objetivo es evaluar la demanda y la oferta; evaluar la brecha de consumo respectivamente. El estudio es aplicado y descriptivo, no experimental. Población compuesta por 99.580 habitantes de la provincia y muestra 383 habitantes. Variable Mercado de consumo e indicadores (población objetivo, demanda histórica, demanda proyectada, oferta histórica, oferta proyectada, producto, precio, promoción, distribución). Técnica de observación no directa, encuesta; instrumento: Cuestionario. Los resultados muestran que el 97% de los pobladores consumen papa seca con un consumo per cápita de 0.117; La población tiene una tasa de crecimiento del 0,5% anual, la demanda proyectada es de 11,64 t (2024) y para el 2029, 12,22 t. La oferta se concentra en 4 comercializadoras en Satipo y el resto en bodegas y se estima en 11,64 t (2024 y 12,22 t al 2029. El déficit de papa deshidratada es de 43% (8,94 t) en 2024 y 42,08% (8,88 t) proyectado para 2029.
Copyright (c) 2025 Milciades Aníbal Baltazar Ruiz, Ponciano Inga Quispelaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efficacy of lavender, yuyo and sunflower floral stripes for insects pollinating in corn crop margins
Pollinators are experiencing a population reduction worldwide, due to intensive agriculture that causes loss of biodiversity of agroecosystems that degrades habitat and floral resources. A strategy to mitigate this negative impact is to install floral strips on the margins of crops to restore pollinator habitat. Objective: The Identify visiting pollinating insects in lavender, yuyo and sunflower strips and determine which one provides greater protection and conservation of the pollinators. Methods: The research was quantitative experimental. The treatments were: lavender, yuyo and sunflower strip flowers located on the margins of the corn crop, each with five repetitions. The independent variable was flower of the species under study and the dependent variable was the pollinator species. To compare the results, the analysis of variances and the Tukey test were performed. Results: Were recorded 15 species of pollinators from the orders Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera; 13 species in yuyo flowers, 10 in lavender and 8 species in sunflower. Most species reached their maximum population level between the first and second week of May. Conclusions: An inventory of pollinating insects for the central zone of Peru is presented for the first time. The installation of lavender, yuyo and sunflower strips represented an effective practice that maintained biodiversity and ecosystem services in corn cultivation. The yuyo weed strip provides greater protection and conservation for pollinators.
Copyright (c) 2025 Susan Olivia Mayta Delzo, Amador Antonio Valverde Cadillo, Andrés Alberto Azabache Leyton, Victor Paredes Atoche https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RENDIMIENTO DE CARCASA DE CUYES CON FINES DE DETERMINACIÓN DE LA LÍNEA GENÉTICA SAÑOS-I. N. I. A.-SANTA ANA-HUANCAYO
La investigación se realizó en la estación experimental “Santa Ana” del INIA – Huancayo, ubicada en la región Junín, Provincia de Huancayo, distrito de El Tambo, el objetivo general fue: Evaluar el rendimiento de carcasa de cuyes que permitirán definir la línea genética Saños en el I. N. I. A. – Santa Ana – Huancayo. El nivel de investigación fue el experimental, con un diseño descriptivo comparativo. Se analizaron un total de 20 unidades de cuyes de ambos sexos y de edades de 8 y 13 semanas, habiéndose llegado a las siguientes conclusiones: Los peso finales a las trece semanas de edad son superiores a los de 8 semanas, tanto en machos como en hembras, los pesos de carcasa a las trece semanas de edad son superiores a los de 8 semanas, tanto en machos como en hembras y los rendimientos de carcasa fueron iguales a las 8 semanas de edad en hembras y machos y hembras a las 13 semanas de edad, con respecto a los machos de 8 semanas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Walter Rolando Oscanoa Cóndor, Jorge Andrés Núñez Romero, Edwin Roger Paucarchuco Muzurrieta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nutritional and physicochemical evaluation of tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis), dehydrated, roasted and vacuum-packed for direct consumption
Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis) is an important source of nutrients, provides low-cost proteins and its cultivation is environmentally friendly. Foods developed based on this legume could contribute to food security in the production area due to its promising contribution of nutrients. The objective of the research was to obtain a highly nutritious food product of great acceptability using tarwi. The tarwi samples used in the research come from peasant communities in the province of Jauja, Junín region – Peru. The beans were debittered using a prototype mechanized equipment resulting from previous research. The tarwi debittered salted to 3.5%; 4.5% and 5.5% salt, dehydrated (60ºC x 6 hours), roasted (100°C x 8 min) and vacuum packaged using laminated bioriented polypropylene bags. The results show that grains salted at 4.5% salt, dehydrated at 60ºC and roasted at 105ºC were the ones with the highest nutritional content (56.5% protein), as well as sensory profile, through acceptability tests. It was concluded that Sanck tarwi salted at 3.5%, dehydrated and roasted was the best treatment. The product obtained is presented as an interesting alternative for industrialization due to its organoleptic characteristics and nutrient contribution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shalin Carhuallanqui Avila, José Paúl Casas Vásquez, Angela Margot Ccora Huamán, Lizvet Vilcapoma Ureta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The objective of the research work was to determine the physicochemical and structural changes in native potato starch, which generates spontaneous fermentation, as part of tocosh production. Its evaluation was carried out using standardized physicochemical and microbiological methods, pH, titratable acidity and lactic bacteria enumeration; at the beginning and at the end of fermentation, FT-IR analysis and scanning electron microscopy. In the processing of native potato chips, an appreciable amount of starch is removed, a product of washing the flakes before frying, constituting a problem in its removal or adequate use. The fermentation of starch from native potato chips generates changes in the physicochemical composition and structure of the starch. Fermented starch is an alternative for its technological use, adapting its techno-functional properties.
Copyright (c) 2024 Vilma Julia Reyes de la Cruz, Emilio Fredy Yabar Villanueva, Miriam Olga Laureano Valenzuela, Milagros Brigitte Hurtado Torres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Manure management in dairy herds and perception of its emissions and interest in developing organic fertilizers
The manure generated in dairy farms can cause negative environmental impacts if not properly managed, as its components are potential producers of greenhouse gases. The objective was to evaluate manure management on dairy farms and understand producers' perceptions regarding emissions and their interest in producing organic fertilizers. A descriptive study was conducted through a questionnaire administered to livestock producers to gather data on their manure management practices and appreciate their perceptions. It was found that generally, manure is collected daily, stored outdoors, and treated through solarization; it is primarily used for corn planting and maintaining cultivated pastures as it improves soil texture and helps retain moisture. Regarding perceptions, very few acknowledge that manure emits greenhouse gases; however, there is agreement on implementing good management practices to reduce emissions, as many rate their manure management on their properties as poor to fair, and most producers are interested in learning to produce organic fertilizers. The current manure management practices are contributing to greenhouse gas emissions, and through training programs and technical assistance, proper management should be promoted using efficient storage and treatment methods.
Copyright (c) 2024 Wilfredo Núñez Rojas, Cindy Ballardo Matos, Francisco Espinoza Montes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of biopreparations of agro-industrial and livestock organic waste enriched with Trichoderma harzianum on the forage production of Medicago sativa
The production of agro-industrial residues grows significantly every year, and these residues are improperly disposed of, causing environmental problems. On the other hand, the need to reduce the dependence on chemical products in the forage yield in various species is forcing the search for reliable and sustainable alternatives, supported by new technologies, therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of biopreparations of agroindustrial and livestock organic residues enriched with Trichoderma harzianum in the forage production of Medicago sativa - alfalfa in the E.E.A. El Mantaro. This technological process began with the obtaining of biopreparations based on biol (75%EV +25%RA), and humus (50% EV+50%RA), which were fermented anaerobically for 3 months. The Trichoderma harzianum culture was prepared on rice substrate starting with a concentration of 5.45E+02 conidia/ml as initial inoculum and ending with a concentration of 3.9E+08 conidia/ml to be incorporated in each biopreparation. The application of the bioformulates enriched with Trichoderma harzianum were applied to the alfalfa crop in demonstration plots. The results show that the incorporation of Trichoderma harzianum in the biopreparations had a significant effect on the growth behavior of alfalfa, which is reflected in the height of the plant, the effect both in height of the plant, forage production, number of stem, basal cover and aerial cover, demonstrating the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum in the biopreparations supplied to the alfalfa crop.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wilfredo Nuñez Rojas, Francisco Espinoza Montes, Cindy Ballardo Matos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Longitudinal skin growth and fiber density in lambs fed on natural pasture in the central highlands Peru
The present work was developed with the objective of evaluating the growth of the skin longitudinally and the birth of wool fibers in the first four months of age of Junín breed lambs, grouped into two groups, one male and one female, the methodology used was through the FIBER DEN equipment, starting to evaluate at birth these two characteristics, then every 30 days until weaning (4 months of age), for this work we used the lambs of the U. P. Casaracra of the SAIS ”TÚPAC AMARU” Ltda. Nº 1, located in the district of Paccha, province of Yauli Oroya. The research was descriptive and correlational; the data collection control was done until the lambs were four months old. The data revealed that the skin growth at 30 days was an average of 1.60 cm², at 60 days 1.97 cm², at 90 days 2.50 cm² and at 120 days 2.90 cm², in case of fiber birth was 32 per mm², at 30 , 60, 90 and 120 days of age it was 53, 46, 46 and 38 fibers per mm² respectively.
Copyright (c) 2024 Quispe Ramos, Rolando Z. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Development of a technique for methane gas quantification using an arduino sensor
A prototype was developed for the measurement of methane gas by means of an arduino sensor, for which the MQ -4 heating sensor method was applied, which was perfectly coupled with the arduino UNO system, and proved to be very sensitive to methane gas. To obtain methane, initially the implementation of a mini biodigester was proposed, but it was not possible to isolate the gas due to its instability and low production, so this method of obtaining methane was discarded. The methane was obtained by chemical reaction between soda lime and sodium acetate, giving a pure gas without the presence of other gases. Dilutions of this gas were made with helium gas in order to have accurate measurements between a standard MX6 iBrid model meter and the designed prototype. Finally, it was possible to obtain readings from the standard meter and by adjusting the equation in the arduino it was possible to correct the factor, which showed on the screen readings similar to the standard equipment, to then make the adjustment using the equation of the straight line, obtaining an equipment with a measurement range of 0 to 5% of volume.
Copyright (c) 2024 Pantoja Esquivel, Rafael https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Productive and nutritional evaluation of forage crops at the agricultural experimental station of Satipo
The research was carried out in the Tropical Forage Bank of the Satipo Agricultural Experimental Station UNCP, in the wet season (November-March) and drought (May-August), this had a duration of 09 months, between August 2018 to March 2019. The objective was to evaluate the productive and nutritional yield of tropical forage species. The methodology used was an applied study of non-experimental descriptive level; the analysis of the productive yield of green matter was by the square meter method, for the evaluation of the net productive value (dry matter) a sample of 100g was selected and placed in an oven, It was weighed every hour to evaluate the process and culminated when in two consecutive weighings the same weight was obtained. Finally, the nutritional value (crude protein) was evaluated using the Kjendahl method. The results revealed that, in the rainy season Brachiaria Piata with 2.90kg/m2, has the highest green matter yield, followed by Brachiaria decumbens 2.88kg/m2 and in the dry season the forage Panicum maximun with 2.26kg/m2 had the highest yield. 26kg/m2. Regarding dry matter content, the species Brachiaria Piata (68.80m.s.) had a higher content in the rainy season and in the dry season, Pennisetum hybridum (63.18m.s.). In terms of nutritive value, Brachiaria decumbens 16.64% had a higher value in the rainy season and during the dry season Pennisetum violaceum 14.50% had a higher nutritive value. In conclusion, production levels and nutritional value are influenced by exogenous and endogenous factors of the tropics.
Copyright (c) 2024 Chuquillanqui Sedano, Noé https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Influence of glyphosate and nitrogen fertilization on microbial biomass and respiration in a Peruvian high Andean soil
The effect of glyphosate and nitrogen fertilization on the biomass and microbial respiration of a Peruvian high Andean soil was determined using a soil from the locality of Pasos, Huancayo, Junín. A completely randomized experiment was designed in a 5x4 factorial arrangement with 5 doses of glyphosate (0, 4, 8, 8, 16 and 32 liters i.a./Ha) and 4 levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg N/kg of soil), with 3 replications. The doses of N added to the high Andean soil caused increases in microbial biomass carbon (MBC ) and basal soil respiration (BSR), the increases in MBC were greater when glyphosate was applied, while the increase in the doses of N added to the soil caused decreases in the metabolic quotient (qCO2) and increases in the microbial quotient (qMIC). On the other hand, with the increase in glyphosate doses, they generated increases in the MBC as well as in the BSR; while the additions of glyphosate to the high Andean soil caused decreases in the qCO2 and increases in the qMIC.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rivas, Fredy F. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Estabilidad oxıdativa y capacidad antioxidante del aceite esencial de Tropaeolum majus extraído por energía ultrasónica
The aim was to determine the oxidative stability index and the antioxidant capacity of Tropaeolum majus essential oil extracted with ultrasonic energy. For this purpose, mastuerzo stems were collected from the district of Huasahuasi, Tarma Province, stored and transported to the Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú. The samples were dried at room temperature (8% humidity) and subjected to grinding. To extract the essential oil, the dried stems were immersed in water in proportions of 1:10 and 1:20 for 1 hour, until reaching a humidity of 80%. They were subjected to ultrasound using frequencies of 70, 80 and 90% for 10, 15 and 20 min. A higher yield (0.3983±0.0135%), acidity index (1.82±0.20%) and antioxidant capacity (122.34±0.16 mg Trolox/g of sample) were obtained by means of the ratio stems:water (1:20), a frequency of 90% and 20 minutes of extraction. In refractive index (1.53 ±0.06) at a stems:water ratio (1:20), 80% frequency and 20 minutes of extraction. In optical density (0.880±0.04 g/ml) at a stems:leaf ratio (1:20), 90% frequency and 15 minutes of extraction. Finally, an oxidative stability index that allows to obtain a shelf life of 2.17 years at 18°C storage
Copyright (c) 2024 Párraga, Nancy1 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Nutritional and physicochemical evaluation of Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis), dehydrated, roasted and vacuum-packed for direct consumption
Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis) is an important source of nutrients, provides low-cost protein, and its cultivation is environmentally friendly. Foods developed based on this legume could contribute to food security in the production zone because of its promising nutrient supply. The Tarwi samples used in the research come from peasant communities in the province of Jauja, Junín region, Peru. The Tarwi grains were debittered using prototype mechanized equipment from previous research. The de-bittered Tarwi was salted at 3.5%, 4.5% and 5.5% salt, dehydrated (60°C x 6 hours), roasted (100°C x 8 min) and vacuum-packed using laminated bioriented polypropylene bags. The results show that the beans salted at 4.5% salt, dehydrated at 60 ºC and roasted at 105ºC had the highest nutritional content (56.5% protein), as well as their sensory profile, by means of acceptability tests. It was concluded that the Tarwi snack salted at 3.5%, dehydrated and roasted was the best treatment. The product obtained is presented as an interesting alternative for industrialization due to its organoleptic characteristics and nutrient supply.
Copyright (c) 2024 Carhuallanqui, Shalin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Effect of tocosh extract on the preservation of vacuum packed beef fillet
Lactobacillus supernatant extracts have growth inhibitory and biofilm disruption properties on pathogen strains. This article provides an overview of the possibility of using cell-free Tocosh extract as a meat preservative. Information from google academic, Scielo, Scopus and Science direct was mainly used. The background considers traditional fermented foods as a source of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) including Tocosh, followed by a systematic analysis of its bioactive qualities on health, the importance of bacteriocins, the basic factors of fresh meat preservation, including vacuum packaging, and finally considering the system of meat preservation using an extract with antimicrobial potential. It was observed that there is a knowledge gap to be investigated on the molecular characterization of cell-free Tocosh extract, to be used as a food preservative individually or synergistically with other preservation systems in perishable foods such as meat.
Copyright (c) 2024 Reyes, Vilma J. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/